Santosh Acharya's Blog

  देश अब विकास र समृद्धिको यात्रामा उन्मूख छ । नेपालको संविधानअनुसार तीन तहको सरकारसहितको संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रात्मक शासन व्यवस्थालाई निर्वाचनमार्फत अनुमोदन गरी संस्थागत गर्ने प्रक्रियामा रहेको छ । तीनै तहका सरकारहरु आफूले सोचेअनुरुपका विकास र समृद्धिको नारालाई सार्थकता प्रदान गर्ने क्रममा लागेको देखिन्छ । सबै निकायमा तहका क्रियाकलाप नियाल्दा सबैमा गतिशीलता देखिन्छ । तर, स्पष्ट गन्तव्य तय गर्न नसकको हो कि ? गन्तव्यलाई पहिचान गरे पनि त्यसमा पुग्ने मार्ग पहिचान गर्न नसकेको हो कि जस्तो भान हुन्छ । गन्तव्य र मार्ग पहिचानका लागि अब प्रत्येक संघीय तहले योजनावद्ध विकासलाई अगाडि बढाउनुको विकल्प रहँदैन । यसका लागि तत्कालीन, मध्यकालीन र दीर्घकालीन विकासका योजना निर्माण गरी अगाडि बढ्नुपर्ने हुन्छ । विकास निमार्णलाई संघीय व्यवस्थाअनुरुप अगाडि बढाउन निश्चित संरचनाको व्यवस्था र सो संरचनाका क्रियाकलापहरु स्पष्ट हुन जरुरी छ । एकात्मक शासन व्यवस्थामा योजनासम्वन्धी सम्पूर्ण कार्यहरु राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग (रायोआ) मार्फत सम्पादन गरिँदै आएकोमा अब यो निकायमात्रै सक्षम र पर्याप्त नहुने देखिन्छ । यसर...

Blockchain According to IBM, “Blockchain is a shared, immutable ledger that facilitates recording transactions and tracking assets in a business network. An asset either be tangible (a house, car, cash, and) or intangible (intellectual property, patents, copyrights, and branding)”.  In other words, blockchain is a method of storing assets required in a business environment for future use in which there is no chance to lose and change the information stored in it.  In the block of the chain, every block contains information in which two layers of ownership are established- one is who owns the current data, and another is the previous owner.  Blockchain offers virtual security, transparency, trust, privacy, and high performance at a significantly low cost. Especially in the financial sector, it was estimated that at the end of 2030, the development of blockchain will save up to $27 billion in cross-border transactions. Blockchain in the Financial Industry Bl...

Step-1:  ###R Packages Installed library(fpp2) library(readxl) library(SPlit) library(fpp2)   ###Declare time-series data ###In this study I have file naming as HPI_AUS. All the date excel format. HPI_AUS <-ts(AUSHPI[,2], start=c(2002,3), frequency=4)   Step-3: ###While forecasting, first that should be done within the sample, and if it is found valid, then only we forrecast out of sample. ###Split the given data into the training and test sets split_HPI_AUS <- ts_split(ts.obj = HPI_AUS, sample.out= 8) training <- split_AUSHPI$train testing <- split_AUSHPI$test length(training) length(testing)  Step-4:###Select the appropriate forecasting tool. Here I have used ARIMA (easy and quick model) ###ARIMA In-sample testing arima_diag(training)     ###Model forecasting In-sample arima1 <- auto.arima(training, seasonal= TRUE) autoplot(arima1) check_res(arima1)   ###Forecasting In-sample fcast1...

Abstract  Inflation is taken as a secret form of taxing people, thus in literature it is also known as an indirect form of tax. This has been tested by using the secondary data since 1975 to 2010 on government tax revenue (GTAX) and national consumer price index (NCPI) of Nepal. Initially, ADF test, then Granger Causality and finally OLS has been conducted. Granger Causality has suggested that NCPI causes GTAX which helped later to consider NCPI as an independent variable and GTAX as a dependent variable. After conducting OLS test it is found that NCPI impacts GTAX directly (Acharya, 2014).  Key Words : Inflation, Tax, Granger Causality and OLS.  Reference: Acharya, S. (2014). Inflation is a hidden form of tax in Nepal: Granger Causality test. Khwopa Journal , 1 (1), 61–75.