Santosh Acharya's Blog

Background Living in Australia means achieving financial freedom is definitely your top goal. But let’s be honest jumping straight into the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) with our hard-earned money can be very risky if we don't have proper experience. To solve this problem, in this blog post, I will look into how the ASX Sharemarket Game works and how you can use it to polish your investing skills. What exactly is the ASX Sharemarket Game? Basically, it is a virtual trading simulation run by the ASX itself. It gives you a real-time experience of the stock market without any real financial risk. Virtual Cash: You get $50,000 in play money to build your portfolio. Live Market Price: The game runs on real-time data. If Commonwealth Bank (CBA) or BHP shares go up or down in the actual market, your virtual portfolio changes exactly the same way. Plenty of Options: You can practice buying and selling over 300 top ASX companies, 60+ ETFs (Exchange Traded Funds), and Listed Investm...

If you are looking for investment options in Australian financial market, you are in the right spot.  Let's start with the major four options for every potential investors. 1. Stocks  2. ETFs 3. LICs &  4. Funds For any of these investment ideas, click here . This article mainly focus on stock market.  1. Stocks - Stocks are traded through the exchange called Australian Security Exchange (ASX). The Australian share market is broken up into 11 Sectors, 24 Industry Groups, 69 Industries and 158 Sub-Industries.  Here are the detail break-down of 11 sectors. Largest sector is Materials that has 41.4% and the list companies listed sector is Ultilities with round 1%. Australia's 11 GICS sectors each have a benchmark index that tracks the performance of ASX-listed companies in that sector. You can observe the sectoral movement here .  You have to chose your sector where you understand their language. You also need to think about diversifying yo...

As of 2025, China is ahead in economy, military, and technology , but India is rising rapidly with youth, democracy, and digital expansion. By 2050, they may compete for global leadership, especially in Asia. Let’s compare them in 10 key areas with future projections: 1. 👥 Population & Demographics Metric China (2050) India (2050) Projected Pop. ~1.3 billion (↓) ~1.7 billion (↑) Median Age ~50 years ~38 years Workforce Size Shrinking Expanding India will be the world’s most populous country Younger population = more workers, more consumers, more innovation ✅ Winner: India 2. 💰 Economy (GDP) Metric China (2050) India (2050) Projected GDP ~$40–50 trillion ~$30–35 trillion Global Rank 1st or 2nd 3rd or 4th GDP per Capita ~$30,000+ ~$18,000–20,000 China will likely stay ahead in total size India’s growth rate may be faster (due to reforms, youth, tech) Per capita income gap may narrow but still favor China ...

As of now (2025), the USA is the world's #1 superpower. However,  China is rising rapidly and challenging America.  Let’s break down future projections across key areas to see who will likely lead the world by 2050 . 1. 🌏 Population & Demographics Metric China (2050) USA (2050) Projected Pop. ~1.3 billion (↓) ~380 million (↑) Median Age ~50 years ~42 years China's population will decline due to low birth rate and aging crisis. USA’s population will grow , fueled by immigration and higher birth rates . A younger population means more labor supply , innovation , and consumer activity . ✅ Advantage: USA 2. 💰 Economy (GDP) Metric China (2050) USA (2050) Projected GDP $40–50 trillion (PPP-based) $35–45 trillion Global Rank Likely #1 in PPP Likely #2 in nominal GDP China may surpass the USA in size (PPP terms) but not in per capita income . USA will remain wealthier per person , and dominate financial systems ...

1. Madhav Kumar Nepal  Madhav Kumar Nepal was formally charged by the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA) in June 2025 for his role in the Patanjali land scam . During his premiership, the government transferred over 100 ropanis of land to Patanjali Yogpeeth in Bara district, which was later resold, causing a state loss of over Rs. 185 million. The CIAA stated the cabinet decision violated Article 66 of the Corruption Prevention Act. Additionally, Nepal has been implicated in the Lalita Niwas land grab case, where government land was fraudulently transferred to private hands. The Supreme Court ordered prosecution against both Madhav Nepal and Baburam Bhattarai. Prime Ministerial Tenure   2009–2011 Sources:   Kathmandu Post, June 5, 2025,  The Diplomat, June 2025 and  Ekantipur, February 14, 2025 (Nepali) 2. Baburam Bhattarai  Bhattarai has been named in the same Lalita Niwas land scam . His cabinet, during his premiership, ap...

नेपालका भीडभाड भएका शहरहरू जहाँ हरेक कुनामा साना–साना व्यवसायहरू देखिन्छन् र अस्ट्रेलियाका शहरहरू जहाँ ठूलो मात्रामा सीमित पसलहरू छन्, यस्ता भिन्नता देख्दा हामी सोच्न सक्छौं — आखिर किन अस्ट्रेलिया विकसित देश हो भने नेपाल विकासोन्मुख? दुबै देशमा जनसंख्या र बजारको फरक अवस्था के हो? यी कुराहरू बुझ्नका लागि हामीले धेरै आयामहरूमा चर्चा गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। भीडभाड र साना व्यवसाय: नेपालका बजार नेपालका शहरहरू विशेष गरेर काठमाडौं, पोखरा, भरतपुर जस्ता शहरहरू निकै भीडभाड छन्। यहाँ जताततै साना पसल, चिया पसल, मोबाइल रिफ्युलिङ पसल, लुगा स–साना व्यापारीहरू छन्। एउटा गलीमा १० भन्दा बढी पसल पाउन सकिन्छ। साना व्यवसायहरूले थुप्रै मानिसलाई रोजगारी दिन्छन्। तर यी व्यवसायहरू प्रायः पारिवारिक वा साना स्तरका हुन्छन्। उदाहरणको लागि, काठमाडौंको भोटाहिटी, इन्द्रचोक, नयाँ बजार क्षेत्रहरूमा विभिन्न साना साना पसलहरू छन् जहाँ ग्राहकहरू दैनिक उपभोग्य वस्तु किन्छन्। तर, यी साना व्यवसायहरूको समन्वय र व्यवस्थित योजना नहुँदा, सडकमा अव्यवस्था बढ्छ। यातायात जाम, ढिलाइ, र सेवा स्तरमा कमी आउँछ। धेरै पसलहरूले प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्...

Background Public expenditure plays a fundamental role in economic development, governance, and social welfare. Over the years, economists and political scientists have developed several theories to explain government spending patterns. However, these theories have not remained static — they have undergone major paradigm shifts as new data, methodologies, and perspectives emerged. This article traces the evolution of these theories, spotlighting the key shifts that transformed how we understand public expenditure. 1. The Classical Paradigm: Wagner’s Law (Late 19th Century) Paradigm: Economic development leads to larger government. Adolph Wagner proposed that as economies industrialize and grow richer, government activities and expenditures naturally expand. Government spending shifts from traditional roles (defense, law enforcement) to welfare, infrastructure, education, and regulation. Why it was revolutionary: This was the first systematic theory linking economic gro...

  Introduction Nepal is a country full of resilience, cultural heritage, and natural beauty. Over the past few decades, it has made significant strides in health, education, and infrastructure. Yet, it still falls under the "developing" category. Why is that the case? And what can Nepal learn from developed countries like Australia to accelerate its journey toward inclusive growth? This article examines Nepal’s development status by comparing it to Australia. Using clear data and visualizations, we explore where Nepal stands, what gaps exist, and how targeted improvements can help uplift millions of Nepalese lives. The goal is not to criticize but to provide insights for policymakers, educators, and citizens who want a better future for Nepal. Data Collection and Analysis The analysis uses reliable data from the World Bank, UNDP, and other international development agencies. Seven key indicators were chosen to evaluate a country's overall development level: GDP ...

  Abstract This article explores the impact of trade openness, remittance, and BOP on the real GDP in Nepal. This research uses the ARDL Bound Testing model, considering the secondary data collected from the Ministry of Finance, which ranges from 1990 to 2022. This research aims to identify the impact of the external sector on the country's economic growth. The result establishes that BOP has adverse short and long-term effects on the country's economic growth, which indicates the variable's sensitivity. The trade openness rate also has a negative impact; however, remittance positively affects the long run. Hence, the government of Nepal should focus more on rationalising the remittance for the country's economic growth. However, on the other hand, working on trade policy should be a broad discussion to mitigate the negative impact on the country's economic growth (Acharya, 2024). Keywords:  Real GPD, Remittance, Import, Export, BOP, ARDL model Reference: Acharya, S...

  देश अब विकास र समृद्धिको यात्रामा उन्मूख छ । नेपालको संविधानअनुसार तीन तहको सरकारसहितको संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रात्मक शासन व्यवस्थालाई निर्वाचनमार्फत अनुमोदन गरी संस्थागत गर्ने प्रक्रियामा रहेको छ । तीनै तहका सरकारहरु आफूले सोचेअनुरुपका विकास र समृद्धिको नारालाई सार्थकता प्रदान गर्ने क्रममा लागेको देखिन्छ । सबै निकायमा तहका क्रियाकलाप नियाल्दा सबैमा गतिशीलता देखिन्छ । तर, स्पष्ट गन्तव्य तय गर्न नसकको हो कि ? गन्तव्यलाई पहिचान गरे पनि त्यसमा पुग्ने मार्ग पहिचान गर्न नसकेको हो कि जस्तो भान हुन्छ । गन्तव्य र मार्ग पहिचानका लागि अब प्रत्येक संघीय तहले योजनावद्ध विकासलाई अगाडि बढाउनुको विकल्प रहँदैन । यसका लागि तत्कालीन, मध्यकालीन र दीर्घकालीन विकासका योजना निर्माण गरी अगाडि बढ्नुपर्ने हुन्छ । विकास निमार्णलाई संघीय व्यवस्थाअनुरुप अगाडि बढाउन निश्चित संरचनाको व्यवस्था र सो संरचनाका क्रियाकलापहरु स्पष्ट हुन जरुरी छ । एकात्मक शासन व्यवस्थामा योजनासम्वन्धी सम्पूर्ण कार्यहरु राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग (रायोआ) मार्फत सम्पादन गरिँदै आएकोमा अब यो निकायमात्रै सक्षम र पर्याप्त नहुने देखिन्छ । यसर...